Omnidirectional Perception for Lightweight MAVs using a Continuously Rotating 3D Laser Scanner

نویسندگان

  • DAVID DROESCHEL
  • DIRK HOLZ
  • SVEN BEHNKE
چکیده

Micro aerial vehicles (MAV) are restricted in their size and weight, making the design of sensory systems for these vehicles challenging. We designed a small and lightweight continuously rotating 3D laser scanner—allowing for environment perception in a range of 30 m in almost all directions. This sensor is well suited for applications such as 3D obstacle detection, 6D motion estimation, localisation, and mapping. Reliably perceiving obstacles in the surroundings of the MAV is a prerequisite for fully autonomous flight in complex environments. Due to varying shape and reflectance properties of objects, not all obstacles are perceived in every 3D laser scan (one half rotation of the scanner). Especially farther away from the MAV, multiple scans may be necessary in order to adequately detect an obstacle. In order to increase the probability of detecting obstacles, we aggregate acquired scans over short periods of time in an egocentric grid-based map. We register acquired scans against this local map to estimate the motion of our MAV and to consistently update the map. In experiments, we show that our approaches to pose estimation and laser scan matching allow for reliable aggregation of 3D scans over short periods of time, sufficiently accurate to improve detection probability without causing inaccuracies in the estimation of the position of detected obstacles. Furthermore, we assess the probability of detecting different types of obstacles in varying distances from the MAV. Zusammenfassung: Omnidirektionale Wahrnehmung für leichte MAVs mittels eines kontinuierlich rotierenden 3D-Laserscanners Dieser Artikel beschreibt einen kleinen und leichten kontinuierlich rotierenden 3D-Laserscanner, der für die dreidimensionale Wahrnehmung von Hindernissen auf einem Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) entwickelt wurde. Der Sensor ermöglicht eine nahezu omnidirektionale Wahrnehmung der Umgebung in einer Entfernung von bis zu 30 Metern. Eine Voraussetzung für die vollständige Autonomie von MAVs in komplexen Umgebungen ist die zuverlässige Wahrnehmung von Hindernissen. Durch unterschiedliche Formen und optische Eigenschaften, wie Reflektanz, werden nicht alle Hindernisse in jedem Laserscan wahrgenommen. Speziell bei weiter entfernten Objekten sind mehrere Scans notwendig um ein Hindernis zu detektieren. Um die Detektionswahrscheinlichkeit zu erhöhen, werden Entfernungsmessungen des Sensors über kurze Zeitfenster in einer egozentrischen 3D Gitterkarte aggregiert. Neue 3D-Scans werden gegen diese Karte registriert um die Eigenbewegung des Fluggeräts zu schätzen. Experimente zeigen, dass der Ansatz zur Positionsbestimmung eine robuste Aggregation von 3D-Scans über kurze Zeitfenster ermöglicht. Dadurch wird die Detektionswahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, ohne Ungenauigkeiten in der Position erkannter Hindernissen zu verursachen.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Omnidirectional Perception for Lightweight Uavs Using a Continuously Rotating 3d Laser Scanner

Many popular unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are restricted in their size and weight, making the design of sensory systems for these robots challenging. We designed a small and lightweight continuously rotating 3D laser scanner—allowing for environment perception in a range of 30 m in almost all directions. This sensor it well suited for applications such as 3D obstacle detection, 6D motion esti...

متن کامل

Registration of Non-Uniform Density 3D Laser Scans for Mapping with Micro Aerial Vehicles

Micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) pose specific constraints on onboard sensing, mainly limited payload and limited processing power. For accurate 3D mapping even in GPS-denied environments, we have designed a lightweight 3D laser scanner specifically for the application on MAVs. Similar to other custom-built 3D laser scanners composed of a rotating 2D laser range finder, it exhibits different point ...

متن کامل

Registration of Non-Uniform Density 3D Point Clouds using Approximate Surface Reconstruction

3D laser scanners composed of a rotating 2D laser range scanner exhibit different point densities within and between individual scan lines. Such non-uniform point densities influence neighbor searches which in turn may negatively affect feature estimation and scan registration. To reliably register such scans, we extend a state-of-the-art registration algorithm to include topological informatio...

متن کامل

Mapping with Micro Aerial Vehicles by Registration of Sparse 3D Laser Scans

Micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) pose specific constraints on onboard sensing, mainly limited payload and limited processing power. For accurate 3D mapping even in GPS denied environments, we have designed a light-weight 3D laser scanner specifically for the application on MAVs. Similar to other custom-built 3D laser scanners composed of a rotating 2D laser range finder, it exhibits different point...

متن کامل

Extrinsic Calibration of a 3D Laser Scanner and an Omnidirectional Camera ?

We propose an approach for external calibration of a 3D laser scanner with an omnidirectional camera system. The utility of an accurate calibration is that it allows for precise co-registration between the camera imagery and the 3D point cloud. This association can be used to enhance various state of the art algorithms in computer vision and robotics. The extrinsic calibration technique used he...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2014